Unterschiede

Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.

--- projekte:lofourx:start [2021/01/13 20:24] – [10 GHz Frequency Multiplier for the Amateur Laboratory] thasti
+++ projekte:lofourx:start [2025/12/16 09:26] (aktuell) – [other frequencies] yc
@@ Zeile 3: / Zeile 3: @@
 Acquiring signal generation capabilities for laboratory use in the 10 GHz frequency range can be difficult and expensive. Old lab instruments are typically not stable while newer equipment tends to be very pricey. Often, a lower frequency source can be more cheaply acquired and then be converted to the 10 GHz range using a multiplier.
-This simple PCB hosts an Analog Devices HMC443 multiplier, whose frequency range covers the LO, output and image frequencies of typical 10 GHz narrowband transverter architectures. It can produce up to +5 dBm of output power, while power and output return loss can be traded off by means of an SMD attenuator assembly option.
+This simple PCB hosts an Analog Devices HMC443 multipy-by-four RFIC, whose frequency range covers the LO, output and image frequencies of typical 10 GHz narrowband transverter architectures. It can produce up to +5 dBm of output power, while power and output return loss can be traded off by means of an SMD attenuator assembly option.
 The PCB is designed for the four-layer JLCPCB RF process (stackup JLC7628), and neatly fits into a small Hammond 1455 case. A DC voltage between 7 and 15 volts can be used to supply the enclosed device, which makes it a convenient local oscillator source for the amateur laboratory.
-{{:projekte:lofourx:lofourx_pcb_render.jpg?600|}}
+While a four layer PCB would not have been strictly necessary, the SMA-to-GCPW transitions have been simulated using this SMA connector and PCB stackup. The thin (and somewhat well-defined) prepreg of the outer layers allows for proper impedance control and low dielectric losses.
+{{:projekte:lofourx:lofourx_pcb_render.jpg?800|}}
 The complete device can be built for below 100 € including the PCBs, which can be considered a nice low-cost alternative to a standalone generator for the 10 GHz range, especially when a 2.5 GHz generator is already available.
@@ Zeile 37: / Zeile 39: @@
   * **6th harmonic**: -39.4 dBc
+A second multiplier built by Sebastian shows comparable values using a 4 dB pad.
+^ Frequency ^ P<sub>out</sub> ^
+| 9.5 GHz   | -0.25 dBm |
+| 9.6 GHz   | 0.14 dBm |
+| 9.7 GHz   | 0.46 dBm |
+| 9.8 GHz   | 0.73 dBm |
+| 9.9 GHz   | 0.99 dBm |
+| 10.0 GHz   | 1.18 dBm |
+| 10.1 GHz   | 1.36 dBm |
+| 10.2 GHz   | 1.51 dBm |
+| 10.3 GHz   | 1.62 dBm |
+| 10.4 GHz   | 1.71 dBm |
+===== other frequencies =====
+Compatible Multiplier with the same footprint exist and the multiplier board can be used for other frequency bands, e.g. 12 GHz as 12 GHz LO for sub-harmonic mixer setups for 24 GHz and above.
+A board with HMC695 is populated and characterized.
+^ Frequency ^ P<sub>out</sub> ^
+| 11.4 GHz   | -0.4 dBm |
+| 11.6 GHz   | 0.4 dBm |
+| 11.8 GHz   | 1.14 dBm |
+| 12.0 GHz   | 1.78 dBm |
+| 12.2 GHz   | 2.32 dBm |
+| 12.4 GHz   | 2.77 dBm |
+| 12.6 GHz   | 3.12 dBm |
+| 12.8 GHz   | 3.35 dBm |
+| 13.0 GHz   | 3.29 dBm |
+| 13.2 GHz   | 2.87 dBm |